Answer & Explanation:i need an essay done i have the out line i also will provide my professors instructions.the essay needs to be connected to my outline i need 2 quotes per paragraph and 1 paraphrase per paragraph extremely urgent the other tutor didn’t do what i needed
outline_form.doc
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LL61 Outline 7/2014
LL61 Research Paper Mini- Outline
Name: Erika Molina
Date: July 24, 2016
Three points:
Bridges,
Pot holes,
Highways.
A. Three part thesis
This research paper mini outline is based on investigating about the conditions of
bridges, potholes, and highways in New York City.
This document outline is a clear analysis that shows how the pothole’s affect the
roads and pavements and also how the importance of the bridges.
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I.
Body Paragraph #1 – Bridges
New York is an island, bridges help us travel over the water, and maintaining them is
extremely important since tons of cars go over bridges daily, but NYC has been failing to do
so.
Journalist writer Sharif states that “Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Williamsburg
bridges are New York City’s red carpets, guiding residents, commuters, and
visitors”(Sharif).
According to Sharif, “the four bridges built between 1883 and 1909, have faithfully
served travelers for more than a century” (Sharif).
Sharif points out that, “even though the functional and symbolic of the bridge was
very important the maintenance was insufficient” (Sharif).
Sharif points out on what Holcomb, deputy chief engineer for bridges stated
“When money was tight in the city in the 1970s maintenance for the bridges fell
behind” (Sharif).
According to Sharif, “federal legislation funded the full replacement of bridges, but
not maintenance” (Sharif).
According to Sharif, “governments found it more cost effective to let bridge
conditions decline rather than spend money from strained operating budget to
maintain them properly” (Sharif).
According to Sharif, “only those bridges that are a direct source of income, like toll
bridges, receive consistent long term preventive maintenance” (Sharif).
Sharif bring up that in 1981, a cable on Brooklyn bridge snapped and killed a
pedestrian (Sharif).
Sharif states, it took a lot of work by a few agencies to identify all the problems,
which forced them to put the bridge out of service for several months (Sharif).
According to Wolfgang, “two steel cables on the Brooklyn bridge snapped,
severely injuring a pedestrian and causing the bridge to be closed for more than three
hours” (Wolfgang).
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Wolfgang states, the bridge that was 98 years old, was schedule for a major repair
right after the incident (Wolfgang).
Sharif, Mo. “Protecting New York City’s Bridge Assets.” Public Roads 68.6 (2005): 3543. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 12 July. 2016.
Wolfgang, Saxon. “2 Steel cables snap on Brooklyn bridge.” The New York Times. The New
York Times Company, 29 June. 1981. Web 29 July. 2016.
Body Paragraph #2- Potholes
This document outline is a clear analysis that shows how the pothole’s affect the roads
and pavements.
Fuchs states that “potholes give us eye watering jolts, throwing off our cars
alignment and flattening out tires” (Fuchs).
A fact Fuchs points out is “Westchester normally uses 50 tons of asphalt each year to
fill potholes on its 170 miles of county roads, however, 2003 they used 250 tons”
(Fuchs).
According to Fuchs, a civil engineer spoke on the science of potholes, according to
him “potholes are caused when water gets into the pavement structure, freezes and
expands, causing wedge of ice to push up the pavement” (Fuchs).
Fuchs states that “the state days that the $176 billion it spends on preventative
maintenance like road sealants helps, potholes have been around for billions of years
and no on ever expects them to disappear” (Fuchs).
Fuchs points out that no matter how annoying potholes are they are still somehow
useful for the speed racers in the streets (Fuchs).
According to Mozes, potholes and road defect cost New York City almost $138
million in settlements for pedestrian injuries and vehicle damage over the past six
years (Mozes).
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Mozes points states t”hat potholes cause tires to delate, broken axles and twisted
ankles, all at a financial cost to the city” (Mozes).
According to Mozes, “snow often correlated with more potholes claims. In the
winter 2013- 2014, when 57.4 inches of snow fell, the office received 2,955 claims
for injuries and damages, the highest number filed during the period” (Mozes).
A Fact Mozes point out is “most vehicular damaged reports were the Belt Parkway
in Brooklyn and Queens, which received 706 claims” (Mozes).
Mozes points out” that by 2017 80% of roadways should be in good condition since
the recent city budget provided $1.6 billion for road resurfacing” (Mozes).
Fuchs, Marek. “Things that Go Bump, Day or Night.” The New York Times 30 March. 2
013, late ed.: WC.1. ProQuest. Web. 12 July. 2016.
Mozes, Zarate. “Potholes Put a Den in New York Budget”. The Wall Street Journal. Dow
Jones & Company, 30 July. 2015. Web 9 July. 2016.
II.
Body Paragraph #3- Highways
The BQE is a very popular and high demand highway due to the fact that it an expressway
on which allows commercial vehicles to drive on and it allows you to get from Queens to
Brooklyn and over the Verrazano bridge the fastest.
According to Robbins, “most days, and most hours, the dire choices faced by many
drivers on the B.Q.E are these: bad, worse and no exit (Robbins).
Robbins points out that, “with its multitude of trucks and dangerous on ramps, the
B.Q.E. is den of congestion at virtually all hours of the day” (Robbins).
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According to Robbins, “one factor has condemned this antiquated 16.8-mile stretch
of highway to a place of long standing infamy in the New York metropolitan area, if
not all of urban American: contraction that never seems to end (Robbins).
A fact that Robbins points out is that the B.Q.E. has been under construction since
1978 and till this day they are still under construction (Robbins).
Another fact that Robbins points out is “first section of the road, which included the
Kosciuszko bridge, opened in 1939. In the 1950s, as other sections of the roadway
were completed, Robert Moses, New York’s master builder, hailed the highway as
part of a grand plan to solve the problem of express travel” (Robbins).
According to Robbins, there will be no tunnel and no radical reconstruction because
there is no money(Robbins).
Robbins, Liz. “Road Work Ahead, Forever.” The New York Time. The New York Times
Company, 4 January. 2012. Web 5 Aug. 2016.
…
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